Last Updated on May 28, 2024 by Veronica Sparks

Hardtack bread, also known as ship biscuit or sea bread, is a simple and durable type of bread that has a fascinating history. This dense, long-lasting cracker-like bread has been a staple food for sailors, soldiers, and explorers for centuries. In recent years, it has resurfaced as a popular practical prepping recipe due to it’s simple ingredients and long shelf life.

Let’s dive into the world of hardtack bread, exploring what it is and how cooking from scratch with this recipe can contribute to your suburban homestead.

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What Is Hardtack Bread?

Hardtack bread is a type of unleavened bread that consists of only a few basic ingredients: flour, water, and sometimes salt. Its name comes from the fact that it is incredibly hard and dense, making it resistant to moisture and spoilage. This durability made it an ideal food source for long sea voyages, military campaigns, and exploration missions when other perishable foods were not readily available.

Related Article: How to Make Homemade Flour

The History of Hardtack

The history of hardtack can be traced back to ancient civilizations. Egyptians, Romans, and other ancient cultures all had their own variations of hardtack-like breads. However, it gained prominence during the Age of Exploration when European explorers, including Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama, relied on it as a primary source of sustenance during their long sea voyages.

During the American Civil War, hardtack became a crucial food item for soldiers on both sides. It was easy to transport, had a long shelf life, and provided the necessary sustenance for troops in the field. Hardtack was often soaked in coffee or water to soften it before consumption, earning it the nickname “tooth dullers.”

Related Article: How to Make Homemade MREs

How Nutritious Is Hardtack?

While hardtack is not known for its gourmet qualities, it does have some nutritional value. It primarily provides carbohydrates and a modest amount of protein. However, it lacks the vitamins and minerals found in more diverse diets. The nutritional value of hardtack can vary depending on the recipe used and whether salt is added.

Here’s a breakdown of the basic nutritional content:

Carbohydrates: Hardtack is rich in carbohydrates, providing a quick source of energy.
Protein: Whole grain flour contains some protein, contributing to muscle repair and growth.
Fat: Hardtack is very low in fat, making it a lean option.
Fiber: It is rich fiber content, but only if whole grain flour is used.
Vitamins and Minerals: Hardtack is notably deficient in vitamins and minerals.

It’s important to note that hardtack is not meant to be a complete source of nutrition. Instead, it served as a survival food, providing sustenance when no other options were available.

pieces of hardtack bread on a white surface

Hardtack Bread Recipe

Learn how to make this ancient, long-lasting survival food

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Course Side Dish

Ingredients

2 cups Whole wheat all-purpose flour
1/2 cup Water
1 tsp Salt

Instructions

Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a mixing bowl, combine the flour and salt.
Gradually add the water to the flour mixture, mixing it until it forms a stiff dough.
Roll out the dough on a floured surface until it is about 1/2 inch thick.
Using a knife or a biscuit cutter, cut the dough into small squares or rectangles, typically about 3×3 inches in size.
Place the cut pieces on the prepared baking sheet, leaving a small gap between each piece.
Use a fork to poke several holes into each piece of dough. This helps prevent the hardtack from puffing up while baking.
Bake in the preheated oven for 30-40 minutes or until the hardtack turns a light golden brown.
Remove the hardtack from the oven and allow it to cool completely. It will harden as it cools.
Once cooled, store the hardtack in an airtight container or vacuum-sealed bag to maintain its shelf life.

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How Long Will Hardtack Last?

One of the remarkable qualities of hardtack is its extraordinary shelf life. When stored properly in a cool, dry place and sealed in airtight containers, hardtack can last for several years, if not decades. This incredible durability made it an invaluable food source for explorers, sailors, and soldiers who needed sustenance on extended journeys.

How Are You Supposed To Eat Hardtack?

Eating hardtack straight out of the oven is not recommended due to its extreme hardness. Instead, there are several ways to consume hardtack:

Soak in Liquid: One of the most common methods is to soak hardtack in water or coffee to soften it. This process can take several minutes, depending on the hardness of the bread. Once softened, it becomes more palatable and easier to chew.
Dip in Soup or Stew: Another option is to break hardtack into smaller pieces and add them to soups or stews. As it absorbs the liquid, it becomes more tender and imparts a starchy thickness to the broth.
Crush and Use as a Cracker: Crushed hardtack can be used as a base for toppings like cheese, spreads, or meats, much like a cracker. This provides a more enjoyable texture and flavor.
Fry or Toast: Some people prefer to fry or toast hardtack in a pan with butter or oil to give it a crispy texture and enhance its flavor.
Use as Emergency Rations: In modern times, hardtack is sometimes included in emergency stockpile checklists due to its long shelf life and ability to provide a quick source of sustenance in dire situations.

Ready to Make Some Long-Lasting Survival Food?

Hardtack bread is a fascinating piece of culinary history, with a legacy that spans centuries and continents. Its simplicity, durability, and ability to provide sustenance in challenging conditions have earned it a place in the annals of food history. While it may not be the most gourmet option, understanding how to make and consume hardtack can be a valuable survival skill, especially for those interested in historical cooking or emergency preparedness.

Related Article: 6 Perfect Gifts for Preppers and Survivalists

FAQs

Is hardtack the same as pilot bread or sea biscuit?

Yes, hardtack is often referred to as pilot bread or sea biscuit. These terms are used interchangeably to describe the same type of durable, unleavened bread.

Can I make hardtack without salt?

Yes, you can make hardtack without salt if you prefer. Salt was often added to help preserve hardtack and add flavor, but it is not essential to the basic recipe.

How long does it take to soften hardtack in liquid?

The time it takes to soften hardtack in liquid can vary depending on the thickness of the bread and the temperature of the liquid. It can take up to 15 minutes or more. It’s best to check the texture periodically and remove it from the liquid when it reaches your desired softness.

Can I store hardtack for long periods?

Yes, hardtack can be stored for long periods, even years, if properly sealed in airtight containers and stored in a cool, dry place. Its longevity is one of its most significant advantages.